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Headwinds & Tailwinds in Finance Explained | [Video + Real-Life Examples]

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Real-Life Examples of Headwinds & Tailwinds in Finance 1. Tech Layoffs – A Headwind for Consumer Spending In early 2023, major tech companies like Google, Meta, and Amazon laid off thousands of employees. This created a headwind for the economy — especially consumer spending. 💭 Why? Fewer jobs = less income = lower spending on gadgets, travel, and entertainment. 📊 Impact: Retailers like Target and Best Buy saw lower sales forecasts. Even small businesses suffered due to shrinking customer budgets. 🔹 2. Falling Crude Oil Prices – A Tailwind for Airlines When global crude oil prices dropped in 2020 during the pandemic, it became a tailwind for airlines. 💭 Why? Fuel is one of the largest costs for airlines. Cheaper oil = lower expenses = higher margins. ✈️ Impact: Even though passenger numbers were down, lower costs helped some airlines survive the storm. 🔹 3. High Interest Rates – A Headwind for Home Buyers In 2023–24, central banks raised interest rates globally to fight ...

Transfer Pricing

        World of Finance by M.Vijaya Sai Introduction: When Investment Centers have been established, these would be considered as autonomous units. They would be free to purchase their raw materials direct from the market or from their own departments. In case of the latter, there are many advantages like (i) it would be cheaper to buy from own departments, (ii) there would be more quality assurance and reliability. Also, it would be beneficial to the selling department because (i) there would no packing and external transportation costs, and (ii) there would be no bad debt. Why Transfer Pricing? Chief Executive of a big company cannot monitor and control operations of each and every sub-unit. So the sub-units are turned into Investment Centers and necessary authority is delegated to their managers.But in a decentralization, there are difficulties in evaluating the performance of the managers. Further, there is a problem of coor...